Which ingredient in relaxers can lead to unexpected hair damage if incorrect applications are made?

Sodium hydroxide is a key ingredient in many chemical relaxers, and it plays a significant role in the process of breaking down the protein structure of the hair. When sodium hydroxide is applied to the hair, it raises the hair's pH level, causing the cuticle to swell and ultimately allowing the relaxer to penetrate and alter the hair's natural curls or waves. However, the potency of sodium hydroxide also means that if it is not applied correctly—whether through improper timing, incorrect application technique, or failure to follow the manufacturer's instructions—it can lead to severe damage.

This damage can manifest as over-processed hair, which may become brittle, dry, or even lead to breakage and scalp irritation. The nature of sodium hydroxide allows it to be effective in straightening hair, but this effectiveness also comes with a risk if the relaxer is not used properly.

Conversely, hydrogen peroxide is commonly used in hair lightening but is not inherently part of relaxers and carries different risks. Glycerin, a moisturizing agent, generally helps in conditioning the hair and presents minimal risk when used as directed. Silicone serves as a smoothing agent and aids in protecting hair from styling damage rather than altering its structure directly and does not have